Revitalizing Democracy

(see also Campaign Finance Reform, Electoral Reform, Electoral Participation, Resisting Corporate Power, Green Party, Women's Movements, African American Movements, Mexican American Movements, Puerto Rican Movements, Latino Movements, Asian American Movements, Trade Unionism since 1940 & Benjamin R. Barber)

Basics

On the Web: Articles

Alternative Democrats Join Forces. David Desjardins, Boston Globe (1/6/05).

What I Want. Marc Ash, Truthout (8/19/03).

Spank the Donkey. Steve Perry, City Pages (Minneapolis) (11/?/02)

Democrats Ignore Black Supporters, Activists Charge. Darryl Fears, Washington Post (11/14/02).

A Voting Reform That Works Is Transforming Texas, John Nichols, Nation (5/8/02). Cumulative voting increases minority representation on school boards.

How to Rig an Election, n.a., Economist (4/25/02). How redistricting, driven by elected officials, results in less competitive races & lower voter turnout.

After 9-11, We All Have New Battles To Fight. Geov Parrish, Alternet (9/12/01). Left has big job ahead to prevent US government from making a bad situation worse.

Poor People's Organizing. Patrick Grugan, ZNet (6/98).

A Call to Hope & Action: Let Us Rebuild a True Populist Movement. Ronnie Dugger, Progressive Populist (9/27/97) [original version in Nation (8/14/95). Article that gave rise to founding of Alliance for Democracy.

On the Web: Specialized Sites

ACORN (Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now).

Alliance for Democracy.

Americans for Democratic Action.

Bush Watch.

Bus Riders' Union (Los Angeles).

California Voter Foundation.

Californians for Justice.

Campaign for America's Future.

Center for Democracy & Citizenship (U. of Minnesota).

Center for Voting & Democracy.

Citizen Works. Controlling corporations & restoring democracy.

Co-Intelligence Institute.

Democracy Campaign. Seeks to convene a We the People National Convention (in Springfield IL in Spring of 2006) & restore "cross spectrum dialogue" among Americans of different political orientations.

Democracy Rising.

Democrats.com (Not a Democrat Party site. Seeks to restore progressive message & purpose to party hijacked in 70s by Democratic Leadership Council & its wealthy contributors).

Democratic Socialists of America.

Eat the State! Seattle's shamelessly biased political newswpaper & environmental scandal sheet.

Independent Progressive Politics Network.

Instant Runoff Voting (IRV).

Kensington Welfare Rights Union.

Labor/Community Strategy Center.

Labor Party.

Minnesota E-Democracy Project.

Move On.

National Center for Economic & Security Alternatives.

National Coalition Building Institute.

National Initiative for Democracy.

New Democracy.

New Democracy Forum (Boston Review).

New Party.

NY Working Families Party.

People for the American Way.

Progressive Majority.

Reclaim Democracy.

September Project. Promotes community discussion on the real meaning of patriotism each Patriot Day (September 11).

Solari. On revitalizing local economies.

Southwest Organizing Project (SWOP).

University of the Poor.

Vernal Project.

Voter's Bill of Rights.

We the People. Led by Mayor Jerry Brown of Oakland, CA. Works to "strengthen the practice of democracy & the ability of people to shape the places where they live."

Wellstone Action. Grassroots organizing in the spirit of the late Sen. Paul Wellston of Minnesota.

West Virginia Mountain Party.

In the Library: Articles

Ashkenaz, Judy. "Grassroots organizing & the Democratic Party: the Vermont Rainbow experience," Monthly Review 38,1 (10/86):8-22.

Bauerlein, Monika. "A cookie-cutter campaign," In These Times (10/26/96). On Sen. Paul Wellstone's politic tactics.

Bertram, Eva et al. "An alternative Democratic platform," In These Times (9/2/96):14-22.

Bleifuss, Joel. "Whose party is it?" In These Times (2/3/97). Congressional Progressive Caucus vs. Democratic Leadership Council.

__________. "A progressive agenda," In These Times (6/30/97). Fairness Agenda for America drawn up by 58 members of Congressional Progressive Caucus & reps of 100 citizen groups.

Bookchin, Murray. "Socialism in one city?" Socialist Review 90 (1986). On Burlington VT & Bernie Sanders.

Chomsky, Noam. "You say you want a devolution," Progressive (3/96):18-19. To revitalize democracy, we must reevaluate attitudes toward government.

Cooper, Marc. "Clean money in Maine," Nation (5/29/00):22-24.

__________. "Fighting the power in Rhode Island," Nation (9/4/00):27-29. Grassoot "labor Democrat" activist Kate Coyne-McCoy's campaign for Congress.

De Marco, Susan & Jim Hightower. "The big question of 1988: how to create grass-roots prosperity," Mother Jones (7-8/86). Populism & the revival of democracy.

Ferleger, Lou & Jay R. Mandle. "The need for a Left economic program," Socialist Review 96 (11-12/87).

Foner, Eric. "Power to the people," Nation (6/12/95).

Goodman, Ellen. “Democrats need a happy warrior,” Santa Cruz Sentinel (11/20/03):A13.

Gordon, Colin. "Blown fusion," In These Times (5/26/97). On Supreme Court decision upholding state bans on fusion as a means of broadening electoral participation.

Hayden, Tom. "Are we busy being born or dying? On the need for a resurrection of progressive populism," Sacramento News & Review (10/20/94).

Katznelson, Ira. "The fight for liberalism," Nation (7/14/97):22-24.

Kazin, Michael. "Populism: the perilous promise," Socialist Review 89 (9-10/86).

Moberg, David. “Commoner dares to call it ‘bullshit’,” In These Times (8/22/80):6-7.

________. "Going it alone," In These Times (5/27/96). On founding of Labor Party.

Nichols, John. "Party's progress," Nation (10/24/94):456. New Party.

__________. "Joel Rogers [interview]," Progressive (10/96). New Party vs. the Democrats.

__________. "A candidate for 2000?" Progressive (6/97). Sen. Paul Wellstone as presidential candidate.

__________. "Behind the DLC takeover," Progressive (10/00).

__________. "A novelist runs for governor," Progressive (11/00). Denise Giardina & Mountain Party in West Virginia.

Piven, Frances Fox. "National voter registration reform: how it might be won," PS 21,4 (fall 88).

Putnam, Robert D. "Bowling alone: America's declining social capital," Journal of Democracy 6,1 (1/95):65-78.

Rafter, Nicole Hahn. "Left out by the Left: crime & crime control," Socialist Review 88 (1986).

Rogers, Joel. "How divided progressives might unite," New Left Review 210 (3-4/95):3-32.

Sifrey, Micah. "A working third party," Nation (11/6/00):15-20. Working Families Party in NY.

Stern, Seth. "Give them libertarianism, and a moving van," Christian Science Monitor (10/17/03):3.

Vanden Heuvel, Katrina. "Come together. Building a progressive majority," Nation (12/7/98):11-14.

Vidal, Gore. "The real two-party system," LA Times (10/26/80). Voters & non-voters.

__________. "Time for a people's convention," Nation (1/27/92).

Wainwright, Hilary. Making a people's budget in Porto Alegre," NACLA Report 36,5 (3-4/03):37-42. Reforms led by Worker's Party in southern Brazil's largest city.

Weinstein, James. "Third & long. Will 3rd party politics rouse the Left out of its current malaise?" In These Times (2/19/96):18-21.

__________. "Conventional wisdom," In These Times (1/24/96). On founding of Labor Party.

__________. "In the trenches," In These Times (6/22/96). On New Party.

Wicker, Tom. "Deserting the Democrats," Nation (6/17/96). Why Blacks & the poor should do it & found their own party.

In the Library: Non-Fiction Books

Albert, Michael. Parecon: Life After Capitalism (NY: Verso, 200?).

Anner, John (ed.) Beyond Identity Politics: Emerging Social Justice Movements in Communities of Color (Boston, 1996).

Aronowitz, Stanley. The Death & Rebirth of American Radicalism (NY, 1997).

Atlee, Tom. The Tao of Democracy: Using Co-Intelligence to Create a World that Works for All (Cranston RI: Writers' Collective, 2003).

Bachrach, Peter & Aryeh Botwinick. Power & Empowerment: A Radical Theory of Participatory Democracy (Philadelphia: Temple, 1992).

Barber, Benjamin R. Strong Democracy: Participatory Politics for a New Age (Berkeley: U. of California, 1984).

Benello, C. George & Dimitrios Roussopoulos (eds.) The Case for Participatory Democracy: Some Prospects for a Radical Society (NY: Grossman, 1971).

__________. From the Ground Up: Essays on Grassroots & Workplace Democracy (Boston: South End, 1992).

Bodley, John H. The Power of Scale: A Global History Approach (Armonk NY: M.E. Sharpe, 2003). Increasing scale of globalized economy, accumulation of power in ever-fewer hands, exacerbates problems of poverty, war & pollution & makes democratic control harder to achieve & maintain.

Boggs, Carl. The End of Politics. Corporate Power & the Decline of the Public Sphere (NY, 2000).

Borosage, Robert L. & Roger Rickey (eds.) The Next Agenda: Blueprint for a New Progressive Movement (Boulder: Westview, 2001).

Bovard, James. Freedom in Chains. The Rise of the State & the Demise of the Citizen (NY: St. Martin's, 1999).

__________; Tim Costello & Brendan Smith. Globalization from Below: The Power of Solidarity (Boston, 2001).

Boyte, Harry C. The Backyard Revolution: Understanding the New Citizen Movement (Philadelphia: Temple, 1980).

__________. Community is Possible: Repairing America's Roots (NY: Harper & Row, 1984).

__________ ; Heather Booth & Steve Max. Citizen Action & the New American Populism (Philadelphia: Temple, 1986).

__________ & Frank Reissman (eds.) The New Populism: The Politics of Empowerment (Philadelphia: Temple, 1986).

__________. CommonWealth: A Return to Citizen Politics (NY: Free Press, 1989).

__________ & Nancy N. Kari. Building America: the Democratic Promise of Public Work (Philadelphia: Temple, 1996).

__________. Everyday Politics: Reconnecting Citizens & Public Life (Philadelphia: U. of Pennsylvania, 2004).

Brecher, Jeremy & Tim Costello. Common Sense for Hard Times: The Power of the Powerless to Cope with Everyday Life & Transform Society in the 1970s (2nd ed.; Boston: South End, 1979).

__________ & Tim Costello (eds.) Building Bridges: The Emerging Grassroots Coalition of Labor & Community (NY: Monthly Review, 1990).

Burns, James McGregor & William Crotty & Louis Lovelace Duke. The Democrats Must Lead: The Case For a Progressive Democratic (Boulder CO: Westview,1992).

Casper, Barry M. Lost in Washington: Finding the Way Back to Democracy in America (Amherst: U. of Massachusetts, 2000).

Center for Democracy & Citizenship. By the People: Citizenship & National Service (Minneapolis, 1998).

Childs, John Brown. Transcommunality: From the Politics of Conversion to the Ethics of Respect (Philadelpha: Temple, 2003)

Connell, Dan. Rethinking Revolution: New Strategies for Democracy & Social Justice. The Experiences of Eritrea, South Africa, Palestine & Nicaragua (Lawrenceville NJ: Red Sea, 2001).

Crenson, Matthew A & Benjamin Ginsberg. Downsizing Democracy: How America Sidelined its Citizens & Privatized its Public (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 2003).

Dellums, Ronald V. Lying Down with the Lions. A Public Life from the Streets of Oakland to the Halls of Power (Boston, 2000).

Denvir, John. Democracy’s Constitution: Claiming the Privileges of American Citizenship (Champaign/Urbana, 2001).

Derber, Charles. Regime Change Begins at Home: Freeing America from Corporate Rule (San Francisco: Barrett-Koehler, 2004).

Dobson, Charles. Troublemakers Teaparty: A Manual for Effective Citizen Action (Philadelphia: New Society, 2003).

Ellasoph, Nina. Avoiding Politics: How Americans Produce Apathy in Everyday Life (Cambridge, 1999).

Elshtain, Jean Bethke. Real Politics: At The Center of Everyday Life (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1998)

Esteva, Gustavo & Madhu Suri Prakash. Grassroots Post-Modernism. Remaking the Soil of Cultures (NY, 1998).

Evans, Sara M. & Harry C. Boyte (eds.) Free Spaces: The Sources of Democratic Change in America (NY: Harper & Row, 1986).

Etzioni, Amitai. The New Golden Rule (NY, 1996?). Communitarian theory of a moral society; values necessary for both individual & community survival.

Faux, Jeff. The Party's Not Over: A New Vision for the Democrats (?, 1996).

Ferleger, Lou & Jay R. Mandle. A New Mandate: Democratic Choices for a Prosperous Economy (Columbia: U. Missouri, 1994).

Fodor, Eben. Better not Bigger: How to Take Control of Urban Growth & Improve Your Community (Philadelphia, 1999).

Freeman, Jo & Victoria Johnson (eds.) Waves of Protest: Social Movements since the Sixties (NY: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999).

Fung, Archon & Erik Olin Wright. Deepening Democracy: Institutional Innovations in Empowered Participatory Governance (NY: Verso, 2003).

Furay, Conal. The Grass-Roots Mind in America. The American Sense of Absolutes (NY, 1977).

Gastil, John. By Popular Demand. Revitalizing Representative Democracy through Deliberative Elections (Berkeley, 2000).

Gerstle, Gary. American Crucible: Race & Nation in the 20th C. (Princeton: Princeton, 2001).

Giddens, Anthony & Patrick Diamond (eds.) The New Egalitarianism (London: Polity, 2005). Building democracy requires reversing trend towards fragmentation & social inequality.

Giroux, Henry A. Public Spaces, Private Lives: Beyond the Culture of Cynicism (Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 200?).

Greenberg, David. Nixon’s Shadow: The History of an Image (NY: Norton, 2003).

Greenberg, Stanley B. & Theda Skocpol (eds.) The New Majority: Toward a Popular Progressive Politics (New Haven, 1997).

Haga, Michael W. Is the American Dream Dying? Voices of Americans (Denver: Acclaim, 1994).

Hahnel, Robin. The ABCs of Political Economy: A Modern Approach (London: Pluto, 2002).

Halstead, Ted & Michael Lind. The Radical Center: The Future of American Politics (NY: Doubleday, 2001).

Hartmann, Thom. What Would Jefferson Do? A Return to Democracy (MY: Harmony, 2004).

__________. We the People: A Call to Take Back America (?: CoreWay Media, 2004).

Hauser, Tom. Inside the Ropes with Jesse Ventura (Minneapolis: U. Minnesota, 200?).

Herbst, Susan. Politics at the Margin: Historical Studies of Public Expression Outside the Mainstream (NY, 1994).

Howard, Phillip K. The Collapse of the Common Good: How America's Lawsuit Culture Undermines Our Freedom (NY: Ballantine, 2002).

Isaac, Jeffrey C. Democracy in Hard Times (Ithaca, 1997).

Johnson, Robert David. Ernest Gruening & the American Dissenting Tradition (Cambridge MA, 1998).

Johnston, Richard & Others. Letting the People Decide: Dynamics of a Canadian Election (Montreal: McGill-Queens, 1992).

Judis, John B. The Paradox of American Democracy (NY: Routledge, 2001).

Katsiaficas, George N. The Subversion of Politics: European Autonomous Social Movements & the Decolonization of Everyday Life (Atlantic Highlands NJ: Humanities, 1997).

Kaufman, Cynthia. Ideas for Action: Relevant Theory for Radical Change (Boston: South End, 2003).

Keane, John. Global Civil Society? (NY: Cambridge, 2003)

Kingwell, Mark. The World We Want: Restoring Citizenship in a Fractured Age(Lanham MD: Rowman & Litttlefield, 200?).

Kittrie, Nicholas N. The War Against Authority: From the Crisis of Legitimacy to a New Social Contract (Baltimore, 1996).

Kryzanek, Michael J. Angry, Bored, Confused: A Citizen Handbook of American Politics (Boulder: Westview, 1999).

Kornbluh, Mark Lawrence. Why America Stopped Voting: The Decline of Participatory Democracy & the Emergence of Modern American Politics (NY: NYU, 2000).

Kurtz, Karl T. & Others. Republic on Trial: The Case for Representative Democracy (Washington: Congressional Quarterly, 2003).

Kushner, Tony. Save Your Democratic Soul! Rants, Screeds & Other Public Utterances for Midnight in the Republic (NY: New Press, 2004).

Landau, Saul. The Business of America: How Consumers Have Replaced Citizens & How We Can Reverse the Trend (NY: Routledg, 2004).

Lappé, Frances Moore. Rediscovering America's Values (NY, 1989).

Lasch, Christopher. The Revolt of the Elites & the Betrayal of Democracy (NY, 1995).

Law, Peggy. The Politics of Power & Empowerment (Portola Valley CA, 1995).

Lichterman, Paul. The Search for Political Community. American Activists Reinventing Commitment (Cambridge, 1999).

Loeb, Paul Rogat. Soul of a Citizen: Living with Conviction in a Cynical Time (NY: St. Martin's, 1999).

Losure, Mary. Our Way or the Highway: Inside the Minnehaha Free State (Minneapolis: U. Minnesota, 200?).

Lummis, C. Douglas. Radical Democracy (Ithaca: Cornell, 1997).

Lynd, Alice & Staughton Lynd (eds.) Rank & File: Personal Histories by Working-Class Organizers [1973] (Princeton: Princeton U, 1981).

Lynd, Staughton. The New Radicals & "Participatory Democracy" (Chicago: SDA, 1965).

__________. Living Inside Our Hope. A Steadfast Radical’s Thoughts on Rebuilding the Movement (Ithaca, 1997).

Madrick, Jeff. Why Economies Grow: The Forces that Shape Prosperity & How to Get Them Working Again (NY: Basic Books, 2002).

Mangabeira, Roberto & Cornel West. The Future of American Progressivism: An Intitiative for Political & Economic Reform (Boston: Beacon, 1998).

Mathews, David. Community Politics (Dayton OH: Kettering Foundation, 1992).

Mattson, Kevin. Engaging Youth: Combating the Apathy of Young Americans Toward Politics (NY: Century Foundation, 2003).

McGarth, Dennis J. Professor Wellstone Goes to Washington (Minneapolis: U. Minnesota, 2002)

Mills, Nicolaus. The Triumph of Meanness. America’s War Against its Better Self (NY, 1997).

Moyer, Bill. Doing Democracy: The MAP Model for Organizing Social Movements (Philadelphia, 2001?).

Murray, Sylvie. The Progressive Housewife: Community Activism in Suburban Queens, 1945-65 (Philadelphia: U. of Pennsylvania, 2003).

Norris, Pippa. Democratic Phoenix: Reinventing Political Activism (NY: Cambridge, 2003).

Osborn, David & Ted Gaebler. Reinventing Government (Reading MA, 1992). Governments should "steer, not row."

Packer, George (ed.) The Fight is for Democracy (NY: HarperCollins, 2003). The question is not what we are against, what we are powerful enough to destroy, but what as a nation we are for.

Petras, James. The Left Strikes Back. Class Conflict in the Age of Neoliberalism (Boulder, 1998).

Pitkin, Hannah. The Attack of the Blob. Hannah Arendt’s Concept of the Social (Chicago, 1998).

Piven, Frances Fox & Richard A. Cloward. Poor People's Movements: Why they Succeed, How they Fail (NY: Pantheon, 1977).

__________. Why Americans Don't Vote (NY: Pantheon, 1988).

__________. Why Americans Still Don't Vote, and Why Politicians Want It that Way (Boston: Beacon, 2000).

__________ (ed.) Labor Parties in Postindustrial Societies (NY: Oxford, 1991).

Polletta, Francesca. Freedom is an Endless Meeting: Democracy in American Social Movements (Chicago: U. Chicago, 2002).

Pomper, Gerald M (ed.) The Future of American Democratic Politics (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers, 2004)

Putnam, Robert & Lewis Fledstein & Don Cohen. Better Together: Restoring the American Community (NY: Simon & Schuster, 2003).

Raskin, Marcus & Chester Hartman (eds.) Winning America: Ideas & Leadership for the 1990s (Boston, 1988).

Rawls, John. Political Liberalism (NY, 199?).

Rebick, Judy. Imagine Democracy (Toronto: Stoddart, 2000).

Reed, David. Education for Building a People's Movement (Boston: South End, 1981).

Rensenbrink, John. The Greens & the Politics of Transformation (San Pedro CA, 1992).

Reynolds, Dave. Democracy Unbound: Progressive Challenges to the Two-Party System (Boston, 1997).

Rifkin, Jeremy & John Rossen (eds.) How to Commit Revolution American Style: An Anthology (Secaucus NJ: Lyle Stuart, 1973).

__________ & Carole Grunewald Rifkin. Voting Green: Your Complete Environmental Guide to Making Political Choices in the 90s (NY: Doubleday, 1992).

Root, Tim. Love, Empowerment & Social Justice (London: Open Gate, 2005).

Rosenstone, Steven J.; Roy L. Behr & Edward H. Cazares. Third Parties in America. Citizen Response to Major Party Failure (Princeton: Princeton U, 1996).

Ross, Donald K. A Public Citizen's Action Manual (NY: Grossman, 1973).

Sanders, Bernie with Huck Gutman. Outsider in the House. A Political Autobiography (NY, 1997).

Schutt, Randy. Inciting Democracy: A Practical Proposal for Creating a Good Society. How We Can Develop & Sustain a Powerful Grassroots Social Change Movement (Cleveland OH, 2001).

Sen, Rinku. Stir it Up: Lessons in Community Organizing & Advocacy (NY: Wiley, 2003).

Sifry, Micah L. Spoiling for a Fight: Third Party Politics in America (NY, 2001).

Simon, Paul. Healing America: Values & Vision for the 21st Century (Maryknoll, N.Y. : Orbis, 2003)

Singer, Daniel. Whose Millennium? Theirs or Ours? (NY: Monthly Review, 2000?).

Slater, Philip. A Dream Deferred. America's Discontent & the Search for a New Democratic Ideal (Boston, 1991).

Spinosa, Charles; Fernando Flores & Hubert L. Dreyfus. Disclosing New Worlds: Entrepreneurship, Democratic Action, & the Cultivation of Solidarity (Cambridge MA, 1997).

Stratman, David G. We CAN Change the World: The Real Meaning of Everyday Life (Boston: New Democracy, 200?).

Streitmatter, Rodger. Voices of Revolution: The Dissident Press in America (NY, 2001).

Sunstein, Cass. Why Societies Need Dissent (Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 2003).

Taibbi, Matt. Spanking the Donkey: Dispatches from the Dumb Season (NY: New Press, 2005).

Tomasky, Michael. Left for Dead: The Life, Death, & Possible Resurrection of Progressive Politics in America (?, 1996).

Trend, David (ed.) Radical Democracy: Identity, Citizenship & the State (NY, 1996).

Unger, Roberto. Democracy Realized. The Progressive Alternative (London, 1998).

Wainwright, Hilary. Reclaim the State: Adventures in Popular Democracy (NY: Verso, 2003).

Wellstone Action. Politics the Wellstone Way (Minneapolis: U. of Minnesota, 2005).

Wellstone, Paul. How the Rural Poor Got Power (Amherst : University of Massachusetts Press, 1978.)

___________. Powerline: The First Battle of America's Energy War (Minneapolis: U. Minnesota, 2002)

Westbrook, Robert B. John Dewey & American Democracy (Ithaca: Cornell, 1991).

Wiebe, Robert H. Self-Rule: A Cultural History of American Democracy (Chicago: U. of Chicago, 1995).

Wilson, William Julius. The Bridge over the Racial Divide. Rising Inequality & Coalition Politics (Berkeley, 2001?).

Wink, Walter. Healing a Nation's Wounds: Reconciliation on the Road to Democracy (Uppsala: Life & Peace Institute, 1997).

Wolfe, Alan. One Nation, After All: How Middle Class Americans Really Think about God, Country, Racism, Welfare, Immigration, Homosexuality, Work, the Right, the Left, & Each Other (NY: Viking, 1998).

Wood, Richard L. Faith in Action: Religion, Race, & Democratic Organizing in America (Chicago: U. Chicago, 2002).

Yates, Michael. Power on the Job: The Legal Rights of Working People (Boston: South End, 1995).

Zimmerman, Joseph F. Participatory Democracy: Populism Revived (NY: Praeger, 1986).

In the Library: Fiction

In the Library: For Young Readers

Pelo, Ann & Fran Davidson. That's Not Fair! A Teacher's Guide to Activism with Young Children (St. Paul MN: Redleaf, 2000).

In the Library: Poetry

In the Library: Drama

In the Library: Photography

CD & Audio

Film & Video

"Dialogue for an Inclusive Democracy" [199?], by Southern Regional Council, 8m.